Metadata Minute (Issue #29): Common Publisher Questions About BISAC Codes

BISAC codes are an essential piece of book metadata, used to classify titles by subject and help retailers, libraries, and distributors understand where a book belongs. While selecting your BISAC codes can feel deceptively simple, taking a strategic approach to these categories can significantly influence your title’s discoverability.

Even small misalignments can limit a title’s visibility. A title placed in the wrong category—or one that’s too broad—may never reach its intended audience, regardless of how strong the content or marketing effort behind it may be.

Here are some common questions that publishers have about BISAC codes.

How many categories should I include?

The Book Industry Study Group (BISG) recommends selecting no more than three BISAC codes for any title. In some cases, a title’s genre is fully captured by only utilizing one or two subjects; however, we have found that including three is enough to keep the book discoverable without overwhelming your book’s market position.

Does subject order matter?

Yes. Order your codes by level of importance. Some retailers only utilize the first listed BISAC so make sure your first and primary category is the main subject of the book. Avoid broad or “General” categories for your primary selection—the more specific the codes, the more effective they are.

How do I use General subjects?

The general rule of thumb here is never double up on General and specific subjects. For instance, if you’re using FICTION / Christian / Contemporary, then avoid also using FICTION / Christian / General. The reason is because the General category is already implied from the specific one; therefore, including both is redundant and ineffective.

Only use broad / General codes if your book genuinely fits no other specific code.

Can different formats have different BISACs?

No, keep it consistent. It’s in a publisher’s best interest to use the same BISACs for all formats (ebooks, audiobooks, etc.), not only for continuity, but so marketing and metadata teams can track what’s working and what should be adjusted.

Can I include conflicting categories?

No. When we say conflicting, we mean including both FICTION and NON-FICTION codes, as well as age-conflicting categories (Juvenile, YA, and Adult). Keep it simple, keep it consistent. We understand that many YA titles would also be enjoyed by adults, but whoever the original target audience is—that should match all BISAC categories.

How often should BISAC codes be reviewed or updated?

Ideally, once a year—especially for key backlist titles. BISG updates the BISAC codes annually so it’s generally a good idea to revisit them regularly, especially since retail algorithms and reader behaviors change over time.

For more tips on updating your metadata, read Metadata Minute Issue 28: How Often to Update Metadata.

Can I repeat BISAC codes in my keywords?

Yes, but carefully. BISACs and keywords serve different purposes: BISAC codes drive categorization while keywords support search visibility. If your BISAC is something a reader would type into the search bar, then absolutely include it. Otherwise, prioritize high-impact search terms, since most retailers limit keyword fields and you don’t want to waste space on redundancy.

What if I want to submit new BISAC code requests?

BISG, the industry trade organization that maintains the BISAC subjects list, accepts requests throughout the year for new BISAC codes. Please see their requirements and submission form for more information.

Choosing BISAC codes may seem like a small step—but the impact is substantial. With a thoughtful, strategic approach, your titles will be positioned for stronger discoverability and better alignment with the right readers.

Happy categorizing!